（MySQL挖坑笔记）最详细 Linux下二进制安装MySQL 5.7.28

简介一、安装环境简介二、MySQL 安装1. 创建数据仓库目录与安装目录2. 添加mysql用户并修改mysql目录权限3. 解压二进制压缩包到安装目录4. 初始化MySQL 数据库参数5. 配置最小化 MySQL 配置文件6. 添加MySQL 系统环境变量7. 配置service 服务，支持service 服务管理8. 配置 MySQL 自启9. 启动MySQL并测试数据库连接10. 配置Firewalls 防火墙 三、MySQL 挖坑【坑一】【坑二】参考

简介

MySQL 是目前最流行的关系型开源数据库之一，由于其开源，很受中小企业的青睐；因此掌握其使用也是作为一枚技术的必备打怪技能之一；

一、安装环境简介

系统环境：CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) MySQL版本：MySQL 5.7.28（mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz） 官方下载：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

二、MySQL 安装

1. 创建数据仓库目录与安装目录

mkdir -p /data/mysql # 数据仓库目录 mkdir -p /opt/mysql # 安装目录

2. 添加mysql用户并修改mysql目录权限

groupadd mysql # 添加 mysql 用户组 useradd -r -g mysql mysql -s /bin/false # 添加 msyql用户禁止登录shell chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql chown -R mysql:mysql /opt/mysql

3. 解压二进制压缩包到安装目录

yum install -y numactl-libs libaio # 安装依赖 tar -xvf mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar -C /opt # 解压文件 ln -s mysql-5.7.28 mysql # 生成软连接，便于版本管理

4. 初始化MySQL 数据库参数

cd /opt/mysql/bin # 切换到mysqld 目录 ./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --user=mysql --initialize

初始化：

############# [root@docker bin]# ./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/opt/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/ --user=mysql --initialize 2020-07-01T05:21:18.378589Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2020-07-01T05:21:19.303643Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790 2020-07-01T05:21:19.433393Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2020-07-01T05:21:19.518458Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: b1f34d3c-bb5a-11ea-9911-000c2948dd1c. 2020-07-01T05:21:19.520205Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened. 2020-07-01T05:21:20.528572Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed. 2020-07-01T05:21:20.598496Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: `!sa2yywEydgb` ## 临时root 密码注意保存 ###############

生成SSL 文件：

[root@docker mysql]# bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/opt/mysql Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key ...............................................................+++ .......................................................+++ writing new private key to 'ca-key.pem' ----- Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key .................................................+++ ............................................................................................................................................................+++ writing new private key to 'server-key.pem' ----- Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key .......+++ ..........................................+++ writing new private key to 'client-key.pem' -----

5. 配置最小化 MySQL 配置文件

[root@docker Tools]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] basedir=/opt/mysql # 安装目录 datadir=/data/mysql # 数仓目录 port=3306 # 服务端口 user=mysql # 启动用户 bind-address=0.0.0.0 # 绑定网卡 # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 [mysqld_safe] err-log==/var/log/mysql/mysqld.log # 错误日志 pid-file=/opt/mysql/mysqld.pid # pid 文件

6. 添加MySQL 系统环境变量

[root@docker Tools]# vim /etc/profile # MySQL 家目录 MYSQL_ROOT=/opt/mysql PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$MYSQL_ROOT/bin export PATH

7. 配置service 服务，支持service 服务管理

默认basedir 和datadir 是

mysqld_pid_file_path= if test -z "$basedir" then basedir=/usr/local/mysql bindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin if test -z "$datadir" then datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data fi sbindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin libexecdir=/usr/local/mysql/bin

修改为自定义目录

[root@docker support-files]# vim /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql.server

复制修改后的server 服务到 /etc/init.d/mysql

[root@docker support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

通过server 管理mysql

[root@docker support-files]# service mysql status # 查看当前MySQL服务状态 SUCCESS! MySQL running (42113) [root@docker support-files]# service mysql restart #重启MySQL服务 Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! [root@docker support-files]# service mysql stop # 停止MySQL 服务 Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!

8. 配置 MySQL 自启

# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysql # 修改权限 # chkconfig --add mysql # 添加自启动 # chkconfig --level 345 mysql on # 添加不同级别的配置

9. 启动MySQL并测试数据库连接

更新临时密码：

[root@docker ~]# mysql -uroot -p # 使用临时密码登录MySQL Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.7.28 MySQL Community Server (GPL) mysql> set password=password('passwod'); # 更新默认密码 mysql>grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'password'; #授权 root 用户可以在任何主机远程登录 mysql>flush privileges; # 刷新权限

查看当前的用户登录主机

mysql> select host,user from mysql.user; +-----------+---------------+ | host | user | +-----------+---------------+ | % | root | | % | test1 | | localhost | mysql.session | | localhost | mysql.sys | +-----------+---------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

使用远程连接测试：

10. 配置Firewalls 防火墙

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=mysql firewall-cmd --reload firewall-cmd --permanent --list-all public # public 域 target: default icmp-block-inversion: no interfaces: sources: services: ssh dhcpv6-client mysql # 启用的服务

查看MySQL监听状态： 通过端口：

[root@docker ~]# ss -ntpl | grep mysql LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:* users:(("mysqld",pid=95559,fd=31))

通过远程Telnet

telnet IP 3306

三、MySQL 挖坑

【坑一】

######################################################################### [root@docker opt]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe 2020-07-01T05:31:58.293272Z mysqld_safe Logging to ‘/data/mysql/docker.com.err’. 2020-07-01T05:31:58.319322Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysql 2020-07-01T05:31:58.656425Z mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /opt/mysql/mysqld.pid ended

【ERROR】 2020-07-01T05:31:05.175679Z 0 [ERROR] /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld: Can’t create/write to file ‘/opt/mysql/mysqld.pid’ (Errco de: 13 - Permission denied) 2020-07-01T05:31:05.175689Z 0 [ERROR] Can’t start server: can’t create PID file: Permission denied

###########################################################################

【解决】： 检查 hostname.err文件，默认位置在$datadir中，tail -n 100看一下是否有ERROR，通过上面的Error 看出是由于PID文件无权限创建，因此，增加对PID存放目录的权限

chown -R mysql:mysql /opt/mysql

【坑二】

配置文件my.cnf 配置sock 存放目录，导致无法正常连接MySQL ，

############################################################## [root@docker ~]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can’t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/tmp/mysql.sock’ (2) ############################################################

【解决】 不进行sock存放配置；暂时处理

参考

Installing MySQL on Unix/Linux Using Generic Binariesmysql启动常见报错 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file hostname.pid endedMysql5.7 Linux安装教程