countDownLatch使用说明-转发

    技术2022-07-10  111

    文章目录

    1.背景:2.概念3.源码4.示例普通示例:模拟并发示例: 自问自答环节

    转: https://www.jianshu.com/p/e233bb37d2e6

    1.背景:

    countDownLatch是在java1.5被引入,跟它一起被引入的工具类还有CyclicBarrier、Semaphore、concurrentHashMap和BlockingQueue。 存在于java.util.cucurrent包下。

    2.概念

    countDownLatch这个类使一个线程等待其他线程各自执行完毕后再执行。 是通过一个计数器来实现的,计数器的初始值是线程的数量。每当一个线程执行完毕后,计数器的值就-1,当计数器的值为0时,表示所有线程都执行完毕,然后在闭锁上等待的线程就可以恢复工作了。

    3.源码

    countDownLatch类中只提供了一个构造器: //参数count为计数值 public CountDownLatch(int count) { }; 类中有三个方法是最重要的: //调用await()方法的线程会被挂起,它会等待直到count值为0才继续执行 public void await() throws InterruptedException { }; //和await()类似,只不过等待一定的时间后count值还没变为0的话就会继续执行 public boolean await(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException { }; //将count值减1 public void countDown() { };

    4.示例

    普通示例:

    这是例子在一般的书籍上都有,比较初级的例子,实战意义不大。

    public class CountDownLatchTest { public static void main(String[] args) { final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(2); System.out.println("主线程开始执行…… ……"); //第一个子线程执行 ExecutorService es1 = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); es1.execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { Thread.sleep(3000); System.out.println("子线程:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"执行"); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } latch.countDown(); } }); es1.shutdown(); //第二个子线程执行 ExecutorService es2 = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); es2.execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { Thread.sleep(3000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("子线程:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"执行"); latch.countDown(); } }); es2.shutdown(); System.out.println("等待两个线程执行完毕…… ……"); try { latch.await(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("两个子线程都执行完毕,继续执行主线程"); }

    } 结果集:

    主线程开始执行…… …… 等待两个线程执行完毕…… …… 子线程:pool-1-thread-1执行 子线程:pool-2-thread-1执行 两个子线程都执行完毕,继续执行主线程

    模拟并发示例:

    public class Parallellimit { public static void main(String[] args) { ExecutorService pool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); CountDownLatch cdl = new CountDownLatch(100); for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { CountRunnable runnable = new CountRunnable(cdl); pool.execute(runnable); } } } class CountRunnable implements Runnable { private CountDownLatch countDownLatch; public CountRunnable(CountDownLatch countDownLatch) { this.countDownLatch = countDownLatch; } @Override public void run() { try { synchronized (countDownLatch) { /*** 每次减少一个容量*/ countDownLatch.countDown(); System.out.println("thread counts = " + (countDownLatch.getCount())); } countDownLatch.await(); System.out.println("concurrency counts = " + (100 - countDownLatch.getCount())); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }

    修改后的代码:

    package juc; import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; public class CountDownLatchParallellimit { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { ExecutorService pool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); CountDownLatch cdl = new CountDownLatch(100); for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { CountRunnable runnable = new CountRunnable(cdl); pool.execute(runnable); } cdl.await(); System.out.println("concurrency counts = " + (100 - cdl.getCount())); pool.shutdown(); } static class CountRunnable implements Runnable { private CountDownLatch countDownLatch; public CountRunnable(CountDownLatch countDownLatch) { this.countDownLatch = countDownLatch; } public void run() { synchronized (countDownLatch) { /*** 每次减少一个容量*/ countDownLatch.countDown(); System.out.println("thread counts = " + (countDownLatch.getCount())); } } } }

    说明: 上面代码里的synchronized 用法有点奇怪,CountDownLatch 是线程安全的采用CAS算法,在countDown()后面打印getCount()感觉就是一个悖论。countDown()是线程体完成之后执行的,可是在后面又打印语句。

    加synchronized 能让线程顺序打印出来。

    自问自答环节

    countDown()方法添加在哪里? CountDownLatch的countDown()方法必须要放在线程内部业务处理完成之后最后一段添加。

    如果业务发生了异常怎么办? 捕获异常在finally执行countDown(),否则会导致主线程阻塞。

    package juc; import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; public class CountDownLatchStudy { public static void main(String[] args) { final int SIZE = 10; final CountDownLatch cdl = new CountDownLatch(SIZE); for(int i=0;i < SIZE; i++){ new Thread(new Runnable() { public void run() { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()); try { Thread.sleep(100); int a = 1/0; } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { //执行完毕后再调用 //一定要捕获异常处理 cdl.countDown(); } //System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : "+cdl.getCount()); } }).start(); } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : "+cdl.getCount()); try { cdl.await(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("done"); } }

    如果有的线程countDown()没有完成,getCount不为0,,主线程会怎么样? 主线程会一直阻塞。

    *CountDownLatch和CyclicBarrier区别: 1.countDownLatch是一个计数器,线程完成一个记录一个,计数器递减,只能只用一次 2.CyclicBarrier的计数器更像一个阀门,需要所有线程都到达,然后继续执行,计数器递增,提供reset功能,可以多次使用

    countDownLatch类中只提供了一个构造器: https://www.jianshu.com/p/e233bb37d2e6

    https://www.cnblogs.com/Lee_xy_z/p/10470181.html

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