DI依赖注入【spring】

    技术2022-07-11  84

    6、DI依赖注入

    概念

    依赖注入(Dependency Injection,DI)。依赖 : 指Bean对象的创建依赖于容器 . Bean对象的依赖资源 .注入 : 指Bean对象所依赖的资源 , 由容器来设置和装配 .

    6.1、构造函数注入

    就是IoC容器创建对象的方式

    6.2、Set方式注入【重点】

    环境搭建

    1.复杂类型

    public class Address { private String address; public String getAddress() { return address; } public void setAddress(String address) { this.address = address; } }

    2.真实对象

    public class Student { private String name; private Address address; private String[] book; private List<String> hobbys; private Map<String,String> card; private Set<String> games; private String wife; private Properties info; }

    3.beans.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <!--普通值set注入--> <bean id="student" class="com.chif.pojo.Student"> <property name="name" value="chif"/> </bean> </beans>

    4.测试类

    public class Mytest { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml"); Student student = (Student) context.getBean("student"); System.out.println(student.getName()); } }

    完善注入信息

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean id="address" class="com.chif.pojo.Address"> <property name="address" value="西安"/> </bean> <bean id="student" class="com.chif.pojo.Student"> <!--1.普通值注入--> <property name="name" value="chif"/> <!--2.Bean注入 ref--> <property name="address" ref="address"/> <!--3.数组注入--> <property name="books"> <array> <value>红楼梦</value> <value>西游记</value> <value>水浒传</value> <value>三国演义</value> </array> </property> <!--list--> <property name="hobbys"> <list> <value>听歌</value> <value>敲代码</value> <value>看电影</value> </list> </property> <!--map--> <property name="card"> <map> <entry key="身份证" value="0000000000000000001"/> <entry key="银行卡" value="0000000000000000002"/> </map> </property> <!--set--> <property name="games"> <set> <value>LOL</value> <value>CF</value> </set> </property> <!--null--> <property name="wife"> <null/> </property> <!--properties key=value key=value key=value --> <property name="info"> <props> <prop key="driver">111111111111</prop> <prop key="url">2222222222222</prop> <prop key="username">root</prop> <prop key="password">222</prop> </props> </property> </bean> </beans>

    6.3、拓展方式

    我们可以使用p命名空间和c命令空间进行注入

    官方解释: 使用

    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <!--p 命名空间注入xml快捷方式,可以直接注入属性值 properties --> <bean id="user" class="com.chif.pojo.User" p:name="chif" p:age="20"/> <!--c 命名空间注入,通过构造器注入,construct-args --> <bean id="user2" class="com.chif.pojo.User" c:age="18" c:name="666"/> </beans>

    测试:

    @Test public void test(){ ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("userbean.xml"); User user = context.getBean("user",User.class); System.out.println(user); }

    注意点:p命名和c命名空间不能直接使用,需要导入xml约束!

    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"

    6.4、bean的作用域

    1.单例设计模式(Spring默认机制)

    <bean id="accountService" class="com.something.DefaultAccountService" scope="singleton"/>

    2.原型模式:每次从容器中get的时候,都会产生一个新的对象!

    <bean id="accountService" class="com.something.DefaultAccountService" scope="prototype"/>

    3.其余的request、session、application、这些个只能在web开发中使用到!

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