【Web】Maven搭建前后端连接实例

前言建立Maven项目项目目录正式开始配置pom.xml配置db.properties文件applicationContext.xmlspring-mvc.xmlmapper下的UserMapper.xmlbean下的User.javadao层UserDaoservice层UserServiceImpl下的UserServiceImpl controller层UserControllerWEB-INF下的web.xml前端页面index.jspok.jsp 最终效果

前言

暑期项目实习第五课，用IDEA中的Maven快速生成项目并通过其独特的导包方式导入Jar包等。

建立Maven项目

New Project–>Maven–>Create from archetype(此步骤是套用项目模板也可不套用)。 填写项目路径名称等。 从国内网络获取项目数据原型。在此处应双勾选Override。 在./m2文件夹下的settings.xml文件中的mirrors中加上以下内容（让他在国内阿里云镜像地址下载依赖文件等，可以提高下载速率）。

<mirror> <id>alimaven</id> <name>aliyun maven</name> <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf> </mirror>

也可以选择直接下载settings.xml

项目目录

通过Maven模板，我们最开始得到的项目文件。 通过补充后我们将总项目文件建成下图。 在项目中，bean等同于model，controller等同于servlet。

正式开始

本次我们将通过Maven联网导入各种依赖，所以在执行过程IDEA联网下载时，切勿断网！否则可能导致依赖不全，导致项目文件无法正常启动，当依赖完全下载后便可离线。

配置pom.xml

通过配置pom.xml导入各种依赖（关注dependencies内的变化），省去之前累赘的自行添加jar包的操作。

注：MySQL5.0的同学在相应的地方修改相对应的MySQL的依赖版本。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>org.example</groupId> <artifactId>testssm</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>war</packaging> <name>testssm Maven Webapp</name> <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website --> <url>http://www.example.com</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target> <!-- spring版本号 --> <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version> <!-- mybatis版本号 --> <mybatis.version>3.2.6</mybatis.version> <!-- log4j日志文件管理包版本 --> <slf4j.version>1.7.7</slf4j.version> <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version> <c3p0.version>0.9.5.2</c3p0.version> <taglibs.version>1.1.2</taglibs.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!-- spring核心包 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- mybatis核心包 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>${mybatis.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- mybatis/spring包 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId> <version>1.2.2</version> </dependency> <!-- 导入java ee jar 包 --> <dependency> <groupId>javax</groupId> <artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId> <version>7.0</version> </dependency> <!-- 导入Mysql数据库链接jar包 --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>8.0.17</version> </dependency> <!-- 导入dbcp的jar包，用来在applicationContext.xml中配置数据库 --> <dependency> <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId> <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId> <version>1.2.2</version> </dependency> <!-- JSTL标签类 --> <dependency> <groupId>jstl</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <!-- 日志文件管理包 --> <!-- log start --> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>${log4j.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- 数据连接池 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.mchange</groupId> <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId> <version>${c3p0.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>taglibs</groupId> <artifactId>standard</artifactId> <version>${taglibs.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- 导入servlet-api/jsp --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet.jsp/javax.servlet.jsp-api --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.3.1</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>testssm</finalName> <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) --> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </plugin> <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging --> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.8.0</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.22.1</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.2.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.5.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.8.2</version> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> </build> </project>

然后在项目右侧点开Maven控制台，下载各种依赖，右下角会出现下载进度条。

注：如果出现这条选择右边这项让Maven自动import各种组件。

配置db.properties文件

以下是我自己的配置方法，此为MySQL8.0所用的连接数据，5.0详见【MySql】MySql5.0与8.0在连接数据库时候的区别

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/abc?useSSL=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai jdbc.username=root jdbc.password=root

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd"> <!-- 1.配置数据库相关参数properties的属性：${url} --> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/> <!-- 2.配置数据源 --> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"> <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/> <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/> <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/> <property name="maxPoolSize" value="30"/> <property name="minPoolSize" value="2"/> </bean> <!-- 3.配置SqlSessionFactory对象 --> <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean"> <!-- 注入数据库连接池 --> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> <!-- 扫描bean包 使用别名 --> <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.zhongruan.bean"></property> <!--配置加载映射文件 UserMapper.xml--> <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mapper/*.xml"/> </bean> <!-- 自动生成dao,mapper--> <!-- 4.配置扫描Dao接口包，动态实现Dao接口，注入到spring容器中 --> <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer"> <!-- 给出需要扫描Dao接口包 --> <property name="basePackage" value="com.zhongruan.dao"/> <!-- 注入sqlSessionFactory --> <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/> </bean> <!--自动扫描--> <context:component-scan base-package="com.zhongruan"/> <!-- 配置事务--> <!-- 5.配置事务管理器 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> </bean> <!-- 6.开启事务注解--> <tx:annotation-driven></tx:annotation-driven> </beans>

spring-mvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd"> <!-- 1.注解扫描位置--> <context:component-scan base-package="com.zhongruan.controller" /> <!-- 2.配置映射处理和适配器--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping"/> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter"/> <!-- 3.视图的解析器--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/pages/" /> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean> </beans>

mapper下的UserMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" > <mapper namespace="com.zr0701.dao.UserDao"> <select id="findUserByName" parameterType="String" resultType="User"> select * from user where name =#{name} </select> </mapper>

bean下的User.java

package com.zr0701.bean; public class User { private int id; private String name; private String password; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } @Override public String toString() { return "User{" + "id=" + id + ", name='" + name + '\'' + ", password='" + password + '\'' + '}'; } }

dao层UserDao

package com.zr0701.dao; import com.zr0701.bean.User; import org.springframework.http.converter.json.GsonBuilderUtils; public interface UserDao { //该层写接口 所以interface User findUserByName (String name); }

service层

UserService

package com.zr0701.service;

public interface UserService { //该层实现业务上的功能 boolean login(String name,String password); }

Impl下的UserServiceImpl

package com.zr0701.service.Impl; import com.zr0701.bean.User; import com.zr0701.dao.UserDao; import com.zr0701.service.UserService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service //告诉扫描器这边实现service的功能，让它能够扫描到 public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService { @Autowired private UserDao userDao; @Override public boolean login(String name, String password) { System.out.println("开始查询:"+name); User user = userDao.findUserByName(name); System.out.println("查询结束:"+name); if(user != null && user.getPassword().equals(password)){ return true; } return false; } }

controller层UserController

package com.zr0701.controller; import com.zr0701.bean.User; import com.zr0701.service.UserService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; @Controller @RequestMapping("/user") public class UserController { //servlet @Autowired private UserService userService; @RequestMapping("/login.do") public ModelAndView login(User user){ System.out.println("UserController run"); boolean flag = userService.login(user.getName(),user.getPassword()); System.out.println("UserController end"); ModelAndView modelAndView=new ModelAndView(); if(flag){ modelAndView.setViewName("../ok"); }else { modelAndView.setViewName("../failure"); } return modelAndView; } }

WEB-INF下的web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" version="3.1"> <!-- 配置加载类路径的配置文件 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath*:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <!-- 配置监听器 --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- 解决中文乱码过滤器 --> <filter> <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- 前端控制器（加载classpath:spring-mvc.xml 服务器启动创建servlet） --> <servlet> <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!-- 配置初始化参数，创建完DispatcherServlet对象，加载springmvc.xml配置文件 --> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <!-- 服务器启动的时候，让DispatcherServlet对象创建 --> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>

前端页面

建立两个前端页面一个功能页（index.jsp），一个反馈页(ok.jsp)。

index.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>$Title$</title> </head> <body> <h1>登陆</h1> <form action="/user/login.do" method="post"> name:<input name="name" type="text"> password:<input name="password" type="password"> <input type="submit" value="login"> </form> </body> </html>

ok.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> ok! </body> </html>

最终效果

首先登陆主页并填入数据库（打开Mysql服务）内已经存在的数据内容。 主页地址：http://localhost:8081/ 单击 Login按钮得到反馈。