在显示之前修改窗口plt.figure(figsize=(20,10),dpi=80)
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt x = range(2,26,2) y = [15,13,14,17,20,25,26,26,27,22,18,15] plt.figure(figsize=(20,10),dpi=80) plt.plot(x,y) plt.show()在绘图之后,使用plt.savefig("./t1.png")来保存 如果将后缀名设置为.svg这种矢量图格式,就可以保存为矢量图
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt x = range(2,26,2) y = [15,13,14,17,20,25,26,26,27,22,18,15] plt.figure(figsize=(20,10),dpi=80) plt.plot(x,y) plt.savefig("./t1.png") plt.show()plt.xticks(range(2,26)),在xticks方法里面传入一个列表也可以 如果是y轴,就使用yticks函数
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt x = range(2,26,2) y = [15,13,14,17,20,25,26,26,27,22,18,15] plt.figure(figsize=(20,10),dpi=80) plt.xticks(range(2,26)) plt.plot(x,y) plt.show()
如果列表a表示10点到12点的每一分钟的气温,如何绘制折线图观察每分钟气温的变化情况?
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt import random x = range(120) y = [random.randint(20,35) for i in range(120)] plt.figure(figsize=(20,10),dpi=80) x_ticks = [f"10点{i}分" for i in range(60)]+[f"11点{i}分" for i in range(60)] plt.xticks(x[::5],x_ticks[::5],rotation = 45) plt.plot(x,y) plt.show()然后发现中文显示有问题,于是加入以下代码
#解决中文显示问题 plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['Microsoft YaHei'] # 指定默认字体 plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 解决保存图像是负号'-'显示为方块的问题完整代码
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt import random #解决中文显示问题 plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['Microsoft YaHei'] # 指定默认字体 plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 解决保存图像是负号'-'显示为方块的问题 x = range(120) y = [random.randint(20,35) for i in range(120)] plt.figure(figsize=(20,10),dpi=80) x_ticks = [f"10点{i}分" for i in range(60)]+[f"11点{i}分" for i in range(60)] plt.xticks(x[::5],x_ticks[::5],rotation = 45) plt.plot(x,y) plt.show()最后的效果
主要是这三行代码
plt.plot(x,y_1,label = 'a') plt.plot(x,y_2,label = 'b') plt.legend()完整代码如下
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt import random #解决中文显示问题 plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['Microsoft YaHei'] # 指定默认字体 plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 解决保存图像是负号'-'显示为方块的问题 x = range(11,31) y_1 = [1,0,1,1,2,4,3,2,3,4,4,5,6,5,4,3,3,1,1,1] y_2 = [1,0,3,1,2,2,3,3,2,1 ,2,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1] plt.figure(figsize=(20,10),dpi=80) x_ticks = [f"{i}岁" for i in x ] plt.xticks(x,x_ticks,rotation = 45) plt.grid() plt.plot(x,y_1,label = 'a') plt.plot(x,y_2,label = 'b') plt.legend() plt.show()绘制散点图使用:plt.scatter(x,y)
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt #解决中文显示问题 plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['Microsoft YaHei'] # 指定默认字体 plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 解决保存图像是负号'-'显示为方块的问题 x_3 = range(1,32) x_10 = range(1+40,32+40) y_3 = [11,17,16,11,12,11,12,6,6,7,8,9,12,15,14,17,18,21,16,17,20,14,15,15,15,19,21,22,22,22,23] y_10 = [26,26,28,19,21,17,16,19,18,20,20,19,22,23,17,20,21,20,22,15,11,15,5,13,17,10,11,13,12,13,6] plt.figure(figsize=(20,10),dpi=80) x_ticks = [f"3月{i}日" for i in x_3 ]+[f"10月{i}日" for i in x_3 ] x = list(x_3)+list(x_10) plt.xticks(x[::3],x_ticks[::3],rotation = 45) plt.scatter(x_3,y_3,label = '3月') plt.scatter(x_10,y_10,label = '10月') plt.legend() plt.show()绘制条状图使用:plt.bar(a,b)
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt #解决中文显示问题 plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['Microsoft YaHei'] # 指定默认字体 plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 解决保存图像是负号'-'显示为方块的问题 a = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5:最后的骑士","摔跤吧!爸爸","加勒比海盗5:死无对证","金刚:骷髅岛","极限特工:终极回归","生化危机6:终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3:殊死一战","蜘蛛侠:英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊",] b=[56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23] plt.figure(figsize=(20,10),dpi=80) plt.xticks(rotation = 90) plt.bar(a,b,width=0.3) plt.show()将plt.bar(a,b,width=0.3)改为plt.barh(a,b,height=0.3)
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt #解决中文显示问题 plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['Microsoft YaHei'] # 指定默认字体 plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 解决保存图像是负号'-'显示为方块的问题 a = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5:最后的骑士","摔跤吧!爸爸","加勒比海盗5:死无对证","金刚:骷髅岛","极限特工:终极回归","生化危机6:终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3:殊死一战","蜘蛛侠:英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊",] b=[56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23] plt.figure(figsize=(20,10),dpi=80) plt.barh(a,b,height=0.3) plt.show()假设你知道了列表a中电影分别在2017-09-14(b_14), 2017-09-15(b_15), 2017-09-16(b_16)三天的票房,为了展示列表中电影本身的票房以及同其他电影的数据对比情况,应该如何更加直观的呈现该数据?
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt #解决中文显示问题 plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['Microsoft YaHei'] # 指定默认字体 plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 解决保存图像是负号'-'显示为方块的问题 a = ["猩球崛起3:终极之战","敦刻尔克","蜘蛛侠:英雄归来","战狼2"] b_16 = [15746,312,4497,319] b_15 = [12357,156,2045,168] b_14 = [2358,399,2358,362] plt.figure(figsize=(20,10),dpi=80) plt.xticks([i+0.3 for i in range(len(a))],a) plt.bar([i for i in range(len(a))],b_14,width=0.3,label = '9月14日') plt.bar([i+0.3 for i in range(len(a))],b_15,width=0.3,label = '9月15日') plt.bar([i+0.6 for i in range(len(a))],b_16,width=0.3,label = '9月16日') plt.legend() plt.show()对一个list的数据进行分组,然后对每个分组的数量进行绘制统计图,使用plt.hist(a,num)
第一个参数是数据 第二个参数是分组的个数(多少条线) 第三个参数是设置起始点和结束点 第四个参数是是否显示为概率直方图 …官方文档
与条形图不同的地方是:条形图中给定的list的值就是高度,而直方图是根据统计的结果来确定高度,list的值就是处于x轴的范围
假设你获取了250部电影的时长(列表a中),希望统计出这些电影时长的分布状态(比如时长为100分钟到120分钟电影的数量,出现的频率)等信息,你应该如何呈现这些数据?
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt #解决中文显示问题 plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['Microsoft YaHei'] # 指定默认字体 plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 解决保存图像是负号'-'显示为方块的问题 a=[131, 98, 125, 131, 124, 139, 131, 117, 128, 108, 135, 138, 131, 102, 107, 114, 119, 128, 121, 142, 127, 130, 124, 101, 110, 116, 117, 110, 128, 128, 115, 99, 136, 126, 134, 95, 138, 117, 111,78, 132, 124, 113, 150, 110, 117, 86, 95, 144, 105, 126, 130,126, 130, 126, 116, 123, 106, 112, 138, 123, 86, 101, 99, 136,123, 117, 119, 105, 137, 123, 128, 125, 104, 109, 134, 125, 127,105, 120, 107, 129, 116, 108, 132, 103, 136, 118, 102, 120, 114,105, 115, 132, 145, 119, 121, 112, 139, 125, 138, 109, 132, 134,156, 106, 117, 127, 144, 139, 139, 119, 140, 83, 110, 102,123,107, 143, 115, 136, 118, 139, 123, 112, 118, 125, 109, 119, 133,112, 114, 122, 109, 106, 123, 116, 131, 127, 115, 118, 112, 135,115, 146, 137, 116, 103, 144, 83, 123, 111, 110, 111, 100, 154,136, 100, 118, 119, 133, 134, 106, 129, 126, 110, 111, 109, 141,120, 117, 106, 149, 122, 122, 110, 118, 127, 121, 114, 125, 126,114, 140, 103, 130, 141, 117, 106, 114, 121, 114, 133, 137, 92,121, 112, 146, 97, 137, 105, 98, 117, 112, 81, 97, 139, 113,134, 106, 144, 110, 137, 137, 111, 104, 117, 100, 111, 101, 110,105, 129, 137, 112, 120, 113, 133, 112, 83, 94, 146, 133, 101,131, 116, 111, 84, 137, 115, 122, 106, 144, 109, 123, 116, 111,111, 133, 150] plt.figure(figsize=(20,10),dpi=80) plt.grid() width = 3 #组距 num = (max(a)-min(a))//width plt.hist(a,num) plt.xticks(range(min(a),max(a)+width,width)) plt.legend() plt.show()