接口测试：requests.post()方法中，data与json参数的区别及响应内容及请求体内容Unicode编码的处理

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- """ @author:hyongchang @file:test_case_03.py @time:2020/06/30 """ import sys import os curPath = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__)) rootPath = os.path.split(curPath)[0] sys.path.append(rootPath) import requests Host = "http://127.0.0.1" add_course_url = f"{Host}/api/mgr/sq_mgr/" headers = { "Content-Type" : "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" } payload = { "action" : "add_course", "data" : """{ "name":"初中化学", "desc":"周四 16:00-18:00", "display_idx":"4" }""" } response = requests.post(add_course_url, data=payload) print(response.request.headers) # 获取请求头信息 print(response.text) # 获取响应内容 print(response.request.body) # 获取请求体 """ 输出： {'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.23.0', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Content-Length': '288', 'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'} {"retcode": 0, "id": 2175} action=add_course&data={ ++++++++++++++++++++++"name":"初中化学", ++++++++++++++++++++++"desc":"初中化学课程", ++++++++++++++++++++++"display_idx":"4" ++++++++++++++++++++} 总结：当接口发送post请求时，headers值不指定Content-Type： 1、如果传入的参数data为dict，则请求头中Content-Type的值为默认为表单格式：application/x-www-form-urlencoded 2、如果传入的参数data为str，则请求头中Content-Type的值为text/plain 使用data参数提交数据时，请求体request.body的内容为a=1&b=2这种形式 """ # 增加重复数据 response = requests.post(add_course_url, data=payload) print(response.request.headers) # 获取请求头信息 # response.encoding = "unicode_escape" print(response.text) # 获取响应内容 print(response.request.body) # 获取请求体 """ 输出： {'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.23.0', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Content-Length': '288', 'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'} {"retcode": 2, "reason": "\u540c\u540d\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5b58\u5728"} action=add_course&data={ ++++++++++++++++++++++"name":"初中化学", ++++++++++++++++++++++"desc":"初中化学课程", ++++++++++++++++++++++"display_idx":"4" ++++++++++++++++++++} 总结：上述响应输出内容"\\u",说明输出的响应内容的字符编码为Unicode编码，要将编码进行转换，可在获取响应内容前添加response.encoding = "unicode_escape" """ add_couse_json_url = f"{Host}/apijson/mgr/sq_mgr/" headers = { "Content-Type" : "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" } payload = { "action" : "add_course", "data" : """{ "name":"通信原理", "desc":"周三 14:00-16:00", "display_idx":"5" }""" } response = requests.post(add_couse_json_url, json=payload) print(response.request.headers) # 获取请求头信息 response.encoding = "unicode_escape" print(response.text) # 获取响应内容 print(response.request.body.decode("unicode_escape")) # 获取请求体 """ 输出： {'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.23.0', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Content-Length': '229', 'Content-Type': 'application/json'} {"retcode": 0, "id": 2180} b'{"action": "add_course", "data": "{\\n \\"name\\":\\"\\u901a\\u4fe1\\u539f\\u7406\\",\\n \\"desc\\":\\"\\u5468\\u4e09 14:00-16:00\\",\\n \\"display_idx\\":\\"5\\"\\n }"}' 总结：当接口发送post请求时，headers值不指定Content-Type： 1、如果传入的参数json为dict或者str，则请求头中Content-Type的值为默认为：application/json 使用json参数提交数据时，请求体request.body的内容为{"a":"1","b":"2"}这种格式 """ response = requests.post(add_couse_json_url, json=payload) print(response.request.headers) # 获取请求头信息 response.encoding = "unicode_escape" # 将响应内容为unicode编码输出为中文 print(response.text) # 获取响应内容 print(response.request.body.decode("unicode_escape")) # 获取请求体，将请求体内容为Unicode编码输出中文 """ 输出： {'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.23.0', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Content-Length': '229', 'Content-Type': 'application/json'} {"retcode": 2, "reason": "同名课程存在"} {"action": "add_course", "data": "{ "name":"通信原理", "desc":"周三 14:00-16:00", "display_idx":"5" }"} 总结：总结：上述请求体内容带有"\\u",说明输出的请求体内容的字符编码为Unicode编码，要将编码进行转换，可在获取请求体内容改为response.request.body.decode("unicode_escape") """