一、先看整体的数据结构 首先我们注意到数据是存放在一个Entry<K,V>数组里面,默认大小16.
public class HashMap<K,V> extends AbstractMap<K,V> implements Map<K,V>, Cloneable, Serializable {
/** * The default initial capacity - MUST be a power of two. */ static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 1 << 4; // aka 16 /** * The maximum capacity, used if a higher value is implicitly specified * by either of the constructors with arguments. * MUST be a power of two <= 1<<30. */ static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30; /** * The load factor used when none specified in constructor. */ static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f; /** * An empty table instance to share when the table is not inflated. */ static final Entry<?,?>[] EMPTY_TABLE = {}; /** * The table, resized as necessary. Length MUST Always be a power of two. */ transient Entry<K,V>[] table = (Entry<K,V>[]) EMPTY_TABLE; ... ...我们来看看Entry<K,V>长什么样
static class Entry<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> { final K key; V value; Entry<K,V> next; int hash; /** * Creates new entry. */ Entry(int h, K k, V v, Entry<K,V> n) { value = v; next = n; key = k; hash = h; } ... ...这是一个单链表结构,next指向下一个
二、put方法 我们来解析一下最常用的put方法
public V put(K key, V value) { if (table == EMPTY_TABLE) { inflateTable(threshold); } if (key == null) return putForNullKey(value); int hash = hash(key); int i = indexFor(hash, table.length); for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) { Object k; if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) { V oldValue = e.value; e.value = value; e.recordAccess(this); return oldValue; } }
modCount++; addEntry(hash, key, value, i); return null; }我们一步步来分析,首先如果table为空就初始化table
if (table == EMPTY_TABLE) { inflateTable(threshold); } 我们来看看inflateTable(threshold)方法,就是计算初始化的大小,初始化table.
private void inflateTable(int toSize) { // Find a power of 2 >= toSize int capacity = roundUpToPowerOf2(toSize); threshold = (int) Math.min(capacity * loadFactor, MAXIMUM_CAPACITY + 1); table = new Entry[capacity]; initHashSeedAsNeeded(capacity); }接着往下走,如果key是空的处理。
if (key == null) return putForNullKey(value);进到putForNullKey()方法我们知道它是把null放到了table[0],for循环里面是已经存在的数据进行替换;如果不存在,通过addEntry添加到table.
private V putForNullKey(V value) { for (Entry<K,V> e = table[0]; e != null; e = e.next) { if (e.key == null) { V oldValue = e.value; e.value = value; e.recordAccess(this); return oldValue; } } modCount++; addEntry(0, null, value, 0); return null; }回到put方法,往下走,获取hash,通过hash获取数组的下标i
int hash = hash(key); int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);接下来的for循环,是遍历下标i的链表,比较key和hash,替换相应的value
for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) { Object k; if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) { V oldValue = e.value; e.value = value; e.recordAccess(this); return oldValue; } }for循环如果找到了,会把新值替换旧值,并返回oldvalue; 如果for循环没找到,则通过addEntry()添加到table
void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) { if ((size >= threshold) && (null != table[bucketIndex])) { resize(2 * table.length); hash = (null != key) ? hash(key) : 0; bucketIndex = indexFor(hash, table.length); } createEntry(hash, key, value, bucketIndex); }先进行扩容,如果需要,然后添加,把新元素添加到第一位,之前的往后排
void createEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) { Entry<K,V> e = table[bucketIndex]; table[bucketIndex] = new Entry<>(hash, key, value, e); size++; }总结一下:
先用key生成hash,定位到数组的下标 如果遍历链表,查找,找到之后替换,返回 如果没找到,把数据插入到第一位 三、get方法 get方法就简单了
public V get(Object key) { if (key == null) return getForNullKey(); Entry<K,V> entry = getEntry(key); return null == entry ? null : entry.getValue(); }如果key为null,从第一位table[0]找
private V getForNullKey() { if (size == 0) { return null; } for (Entry<K,V> e = table[0]; e != null; e = e.next) { if (e.key == null) return e.value; } return null; }如果key不是null,走getEntry,基本就和put的逻辑反过来就行了
final Entry<K,V> getEntry(Object key) { if (size == 0) { return null; } int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key); for (Entry<K,V> e = table[indexFor(hash, table.length)]; e != null; e = e.next) { Object k; if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) return e; } return null; }通过key,计算hash,在计算数组的下标i, 从链表的第一位开始,比较key和hash,一直往后遍历,直到找到值,返回e; 最后,如果没找到,返回null.