单选:15个,一个两分。(30) 名词解释(匹配):10个,一个两分(20) 名词解释:4-5个,一个3-4分(20) 简答题:3个,一个十分。(30)
Project Management
Project vs Program vs Portfolio Management (项目组合管理) Project portfolio management addresses( strategic)goals of an organization, while project management addresses(tactical )goals.Project lifecycle and phases Project management framework
Scope Mgmt Plan
Scope statement 范围说明书
Requirements doc/How?
In/out of scope
WBS 任务分解过程, 将一个项目分解为更多的工作细目或者子项目,使项目变得更小、更易管理、更易操作。
WBS Dictionary A WBS dictionary is a document that provides detailed information about each WBS item.
Scope baseline which includes a work breakdown structure and a WBS dictionary
Validate scope 正式验收已完成的项目可交付成果的过程
Control scope 监督项目和产品的范围状态,管理范围 基准变更的过程
Scope creep 范围蔓延(Scope creep)是项目超支的主要原因之一。由于计划外的工作进入你的项目,可收费的小时数和项目预算可能会失去控制。
Deliverable A deliverable is a product or service,such as a technical report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project.
Decomposition Subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces
Top-down vs bottom-up
Time management plan
Define activity 一个活动(或任务)是工作的一个要素
Sequencing (为所有要进行的活动确定一个顺序)
Resourcing (对分配给每个活动的资源的数量和类型有很好的了解)
Duration (持续时间包括 •在某项活动上实际花费的时间 •运行时间)
Schedule (确定项目的开始和结束日期。使用若干次迭代。 )
Control schedule 控制时程:目的在于监控、判断项目的现状,以更新项目进度和管理时程基准的变更。如果项目进度有所改变,便要找出原因,并设法改善。
CPM (关键路径方法)
Network Diagram
Tracking Gantt chart shows planned and actual project schedule information
Milestone
Dependencies
PERT (PERT是一种评估项目持续时间的网络分析技术)a network analysis technique used to estimate project duration when there is a high degree of uncertainty about the individual activity duration estimates.
Resource breakdown Structure 资源分解结构(Resource Breakdown Structure, RBS):根据资源分类及形式,做出如WBS之科层化结构,可有效的帮助追踪资源使用状况,
Cost mgmt plan
Estimate cost
Budgeting 预算编制(Budgeting)是组织用于预测和控制费用开支的一个子流程。
Control cost
EVM/PV/EV/CPI/SPI/EAC/RP EARNED VALUE MANAGEMENT (EVM) Planned Value (PV) 总成本估计中,在一定时期内计划用于某项活动的部分费用。
实际成本(AC) 实际花了多少
Earned Value (EV) 是实际完成体力工作的估计值。
Schedule Performance Index (SPI)=EV/PV 是用来计算完成项目的估计时间
Use Cost Performance Index (CPI)=EV/AC 计算EAC
Estimate at completion (EAC),EAC= BAC/ CPI 根据到目前为止的表现,对完成项目所需费用的估计
CV vs SV 成本差异(CV) CV=EV-AC 进度偏差(SV) SV=EV-PV
Is a given project on track?
Direct/indirect/sunk/ in-tangible/tangible
Management reserve
Rough order magnitude (ROM) : 大概的估计。在项目的早期完成(甚至在项目开始之前)。准确性:-50到+100%(实际成本可能低于此估计值50%或高于此估计值100%)
Quality? is the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements.
QA vs QC QUALITY ASSURANCE (QA) QA(QUALITY ASSURANCE,中文意思是“质量保证”,其在ISO8402:1994中的定义是“为了提供足够的信任表明实体能够满足质量要求,而在质量管理体系中实施并根据需要进行证实的全部有计划和有系统的活动”。有些推行ISO9000的组织会设置这样的部门或岗位,负责ISO9000标准所要求的有关质量保证的职能,担任这类工作的人员就叫做QA人员 。
QC是英文QUALITY CONTROL的缩写,中文“质量控制”。在ISO9000:2015对质量管理(Quality Management)定义是:“在质量方面指挥和控制组织的协调的活动”。
QC/ cause & effect diagram (fishbone)/ Pareto/control chart/testing/…QA/ Quality auditTeam dynamics (Tuckman model)
Maslow’s Hierarchy At the bottom of Maslow’s pyramid or hierarchy of needs are needs.physiological
Influence/Power/Aut hority
RACI chart a RACI chart lists tasks vertically and lists individuals or groups horizontally RACI图表垂直列出任务,水平列出个人或组
Resource histogram 直方图
Resource loading/Over allocation/ resource leveling
Conflict resolution 冲突解决(conflict resolution)是认知控制的关键成分
Risk mgmt plan
Negative vs positive risks 消极的风险: •我们想要避免的 •阻碍项目成功的因素 •目标:避免、减少、改变或接受风险对项目的潜在影响。
积极的风险 •任何可能对项目或环境产生积极影响的条件、事件、事件或情况 •机会: •你真的能做到吗?Contingency plans 权变计划 ( Contingency plans )公司对各种非预期情况的反应。组织可随著不同的情境,来订定 较有弹性的计画,
Fallback plans 退路计划
contingency reserve vs mgmt reserve
Risk breakdown structure 风险分解结构
Risk Register 是风险识别过程的主要输出
Risk identification [brainstorming/Delphi/…]
Risk owner 风险负责人
Qualitative vs quantitative/ techniques? Risk response?
Top 10 risks list
Monte-carlo simulation 蒙特卡罗模拟
residual risk vs secondary risk 残留风险( residual risk),风险的一种,是风险缓解策略中无法避免、消除或转移的风险. 次要风险(secondary risk)
Contract/types/ 合同是一种相互约束的协议,卖方有义务提供特定的产品或服务,买方有义务付款。
buyer vs seller costing risk
Make-or-buy 比较内部成本和外包成本。如果供应商的估计值低于内部估计值,公司应考虑外包、用户支持服务
Market research 项目团队需要仔细选择合适的供应商
Contract Statement of work
Request for proposal vs quotation/ bid/tender 征求建议书:是一种从潜在供应商那里征求建议的文件。提案是卖方为满足买方需要而准备的文件。
Conducting procurement 计划和准备文件和选择标准
Time and material
Project charter 项目章程
Project Management Plan
Integrated Change Control 综合变更控制(integrated change control): 协调全部项目内部的变化过程。
SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis 四点(优势、劣势、机会、威胁)分析
NPV/ROI/Payback NPV 净现值
ROI 投资回收率
Weighted score model 加权评分模型• Critical Path Analysis Method – Similar to workshop 10 example.
Draw a network diagram using activity-on-arrow (AOA, also called arrow diagraming method) method? Draw a network diagram using precedence diagramming method? Identify the existing paths in this network diagram? ADHJ BEHJ BFJ CGIJIdentify which one is the critical path, what’s the slack (float) time for each task? BEHJWhat’s the earliest time this project will finish? 16What is the path with the most amount of slack? BFJCan you shorten the project schedule, what are the possible solutions? What is the cost of each solutions?• EVM Problem – Similar to Assignment#2 Question#2.
• Know What are the key Project Lifecycle Phases & Key processes in each Phase 76432 NPV: