入职新坑使用的都是oracle12C,决定好好的研究下，oracle数据库版本升级太快，现在官网已经到了oracle 19C，现在oracle12c也慢慢的被大家认可，一些新特性也很实用，今天把oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall安装oracle12c官方参数分享给大家。详细的安装过程我会发在另一篇文章中。
首先我们要知道oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall为我们做了什么
（1）自动安装oracle所需的RPM包
（2）自动创建oracle用户和dba、oinstall组
（3）自动配置/etc/sysctl.conf内核参数
（4）自动配置/etc/security/limits.conf参数
（5）关闭NUMA=OFF （关闭非一致内存访问）
（6）关闭NOZEROCONF=yes
（7）修改系统启动版本信息
稍后我会贴上oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall更改的日志
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/oracle.repo http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol7.repo wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
yum clean all yum makecache
yum -y install oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall
报错GPG key retrieval failed: [Errno 14] curl#37 - "Couldn't open file /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle"
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/oracle.repo 把gpgcheck=1，改为gpgcheck=0
继续执行：yum -y install oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall
Transaction check error: file /usr/lib/systemd/system-preset/90-default.preset from install of redhat-release-server-1:7.8-2.0.1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package centos-release-7-6.1810.2.el7.centos.x86_64 file /etc/os-release from install of oraclelinux-release-7:7.8-1.0.7.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package centos-release-7-6.1810.2.el7.centos.x86_64 file /etc/redhat-release from install of oraclelinux-release-7:7.8-1.0.7.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package centos-release-7-6.1810.2.el7.centos.x86_64 file /etc/rpm/macros.dist from install of oraclelinux-release-7:7.8-1.0.7.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package centos-release-7-6.1810.2.el7.centos.x86_64 file /etc/system-release from install of oraclelinux-release-7:7.8-1.0.7.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package centos-release-7-6.1810.2.el7.centos.x86_64 file /etc/system-release-cpe from install of oraclelinux-release-7:7.8-1.0.7.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package centos-release-7-6.1810.2.el7.centos.x86_64
报错 oracle需要redhat版本信息，因为oracle官方要求使用redhat，我们删除centos版本信息
rpm -e --nodeps centos-release-7-6.1810.2.el7.centos.x86_64
版本信息由centos变成了redhat [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) [root@localhost packages]# cat /etc/redhat-release Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.8 (Maipo)
继续执行：yum -y install oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall
安装成功
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/log/oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall/results/ [root@localhost results]# ll total 8 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5918 Jun 30 18:29 orakernel.log [root@localhost results]# cat orakernel.log Adding group oinstall with gid 54321 Adding group dba with gid 54322 Adding group oper with gid 54323 Adding group backupdba with gid 54324 Adding group dgdba with gid 54325 Adding group kmdba with gid 54326 Adding group racdba with gid 54330 Adding user oracle with user id 54321, initial login group oinstall, supplementary groups oinstall,dba,oper,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba and home directory /home/oracle Changing ownership of /home/oracle to oracle:oinstall Please set password for user - oracle uid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba),54323(oper),54324(backupdba),54325(dgdba),54326(kmdba),54330(racdba) User creation passed
Saving a copy of the initial sysctl.conf Verifying kernel parameters as per Oracle recommendations... Trying to remove instances of - setting for fs.file-max is Adding fs.file-max = 6815744 Trying to remove instances of - setting for kernel.sem is Adding kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 Trying to remove instances of - setting for kernel.shmmni is Adding kernel.shmmni = 4096 Trying to remove instances of - setting for kernel.shmall is Adding kernel.shmall = 1073741824 Trying to remove instances of - setting for kernel.shmmax is Adding kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104 Trying to remove instances of - setting for kernel.panic_on_oops is Adding kernel.panic_on_oops = 1 Trying to remove instances of - setting for net.core.rmem_default is Adding net.core.rmem_default = 262144 Trying to remove instances of - setting for net.core.rmem_max is Adding net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 Trying to remove instances of - setting for net.core.wmem_default is Adding net.core.wmem_default = 262144 Trying to remove instances of - setting for net.core.wmem_max is Adding net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 Trying to remove instances of - setting for net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter is Adding net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2 Trying to remove instances of - setting for net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter is Adding net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2 Trying to remove instances of - setting for fs.aio-max-nr is Adding fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 Trying to remove instances of - setting for net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range is Adding net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 Setting kernel parameters as per oracle recommendations... Altered file /etc/sysctl.conf Saved a copy of the current file in /etc/sysctl.d/99-oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall-sysctl.conf Check /etc/sysctl.d for backups Verification & setting of kernel parameters passed
Setting user limits using /etc/security/limits.d/oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall.conf
Verifying oracle user OS limits as per Oracle recommendations... Adding oracle soft nofile 1024 Adding oracle hard nofile 65536 Adding oracle soft nproc 16384 Adding oracle hard nproc 16384 Adding oracle soft stack 10240 Adding oracle hard stack 32768 Adding oracle hard memlock 134217728 Adding oracle soft memlock 134217728 Setting oracle user OS limits as per Oracle recommendations... Altered file /etc/security/limits.d/oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall.conf Original file backed up at /var/log/oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall/backup/Jun-30-2020-18-29-26 Verification & setting of user limits passed
Saving a copy of /etc/default/grub file in /etc/default/grub-initial.orabackup Saving a copy of /etc/default/grub in /var/log/oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall/backup/Jun-30-2020-18-29-26... Verifying kernel boot parameters as per Oracle recommendations... old boot params: "rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet" new boot params: "rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet numa=off"
old boot params: "rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet numa=off" new boot params: "rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet numa=off transparent_hugepage=never"
Setting kernel boot parameters as per Oracle recommendations... G_DIR=/boot/grub2 Default kernel is -> 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 Default saved_entry is -> CentOS Linux (3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core) Default saved_entry_line is -> linux16 /vmlinuz-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 Saving a copy of grubenv... in /var/log/oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall/backup/Jun-30-2020-18-29-26 Generating grub configuration file ... File descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 21452: /usr/sbin/grub2-probe File descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 21452: /usr/sbin/grub2-probe Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64.img Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-899082b00c344ba59af41e3b04ea3084 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-899082b00c344ba59af41e3b04ea3084.img File descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 21654: /usr/sbin/grub2-probe File descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 21654: /usr/sbin/grub2-probe done The saved kernel 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 is now at position - 0 Boot parameters will be effected on next reboot Altered file /etc/default/grub Copy of the changed file is in - /etc/default/grub-oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall.orabackup Copy of the original file is in - /var/log/oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall/backup/Jun-30-2020-18-29-26 Verification & setting of boot parameters passed
Trying to add NOZEROCONF parameter... Taking a backup of existing file to /etc/sysconfig/network.orabackup Successfully added parameter NOZEROCONF to /etc/sysconfig/network Setting /etc/sysconfig/network parameters passed
Disabling Transparent Hugepages. Refer Oracle Note:1557478.1
Disabling defrag. Refer Oracle Note:1557478.1
Taking a backup of old config files under /var/log/oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall/backup/Jun-30-2020-18-29-26
可以看到oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall已经把安装前的准备工作做好了，先将官方修改的参数贴在下面
创建用户[root@localhost ~]# id oracle uid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba),54323(oper),54324(backupdba),54325(dgdba),54326(kmdba),54330(racdba)
修改sysctl.conf[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf # sysctl settings are defined through files in # /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/. # # Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/. # To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in # /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override # only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later # name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. # # For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for fs.file-max is 6815744 fs.file-max = 6815744
# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for kernel.sem is '250 32000 100 128' kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for kernel.shmmni is 4096 kernel.shmmni = 4096
# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for kernel.shmall is 1073741824 on x86_64 kernel.shmall = 1073741824
# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for kernel.shmmax is 4398046511104 on x86_64 kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for kernel.panic_on_oops is 1 per Orabug 19212317 kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for net.core.rmem_default is 262144 net.core.rmem_default = 262144
# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for net.core.rmem_max is 4194304 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for net.core.wmem_default is 262144 net.core.wmem_default = 262144
# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for net.core.wmem_max is 1048576 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter is 2 net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter is 2 net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for fs.aio-max-nr is 1048576 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range is 9000 65500 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
修改limits.conforacle12c 不在修改/etc/security/limits.conf而是启用/etc/security/limits.d/oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall.conf
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/security/limits.d/oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall.conf
# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for nofile soft limit is 1024 oracle soft nofile 1024
# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for nofile hard limit is 65536 oracle hard nofile 65536
# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for nproc soft limit is 16384 # refer orabug15971421 for more info. oracle soft nproc 16384
# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for nproc hard limit is 16384 oracle hard nproc 16384
# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for stack soft limit is 10240KB oracle soft stack 10240
# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for stack hard limit is 32768KB oracle hard stack 32768
# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for memlock hard limit is maximum of 128GB on x86_64 or 3GB on x86 OR 90 % of RAM oracle hard memlock 134217728
# oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall setting for memlock soft limit is maximum of 128GB on x86_64 or 3GB on x86 OR 90% of RAM oracle soft memlock 134217728
修改network[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network # Created by anaconda # oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall : Add NOZEROCONF=yes NOZEROCONF=yes
禁用ZEROCONF。ZEROCONF又被叫做 IPv4 Link-Local (IPv4LL)和 Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)。它是一个动态配置协议，系统可以通过它来连接到网络。官方On Oracle Linux/Redhat Linux, "NOZEROCONF=yes" must be included in /etc/sysconfig/network，注意：但是在RAC 和 Oracle Clusterware 最佳实践和初学者指南 (Linux) (Doc ID 1525820.1)中，并没有NOZEROCONF的描述。
修改grub[root@localhost limits.d]# cat /etc/default/grub GRUB_TIMEOUT=5 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)" GRUB_DEFAULT=saved GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet numa=off transparent_hugepage=never" GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
关闭 NUMA=OFF；NUMA（Non-Uniform Memory Access）CPU亲和策略导致的内存分配不平均，所以oracle官方建议关闭NUMA
修改 kernel boot parameters[root@localhost ~]# cd /boot/grub2 [root@localhost grub2]# ll total 40 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 64 Jun 30 17:54 device.map drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 25 Jun 30 17:54 fonts -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4314 Jun 30 18:29 grub.cfg -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4253 Jun 30 18:29 grub.cfg-oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall.orabackup -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1024 Jun 30 18:29 grubenv drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 8192 Jun 30 17:54 i386-pc drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 30 17:54 locale [root@localhost grub2]# cat grub.cfg # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub2-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub #
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### set pager=1
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then load_env fi if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then set default="${next_entry}" set next_entry= save_env next_entry set boot_once=true else set default="${saved_entry}" fi
if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then menuentry_id_option="--id" else menuentry_id_option="" fi
export menuentry_id_option
if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi
function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi }
function load_video { if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then insmod all_video else insmod efi_gop insmod efi_uga insmod ieee1275_fb insmod vbe insmod vga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus fi }
terminal_output console if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then set timeout_style=menu set timeout=5 # Fallback normal timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is # unavailable. else set timeout=5 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_tuned ### set tuned_params="" set tuned_initrd="" ### END /etc/grub.d/00_tuned ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/01_users ### if [ -f ${prefix}/user.cfg ]; then source ${prefix}/user.cfg if [ -n "${GRUB2_PASSWORD}" ]; then set superusers="root" export superusers password_pbkdf2 root ${GRUB2_PASSWORD} fi fi ### END /etc/grub.d/01_users ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### menuentry 'Oracle Linux Server (3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64) 7.8' --class oracle --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64-advanced-37a21a5c-ba34-449e-9d9b-4ce20615eefb' { load_video set gfxpayload=keep insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod xfs set root='hd0,msdos1' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 --hint='hd0,msdos1' f6eb647a-b3b4-45bc-8125-951724eb307d else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f6eb647a-b3b4-45bc-8125-951724eb307d fi linux16 /vmlinuz-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/centos-root ro rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet numa=off transparent_hugepage=never initrd16 /initramfs-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64.img } menuentry 'Oracle Linux Server (0-rescue-899082b00c344ba59af41e3b04ea3084) 7.8' --class oracle --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-0-rescue-899082b00c344ba59af41e3b04ea3084-advanced-37a21a5c-ba34-449e-9d9b-4ce20615eefb' { load_video insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod xfs set root='hd0,msdos1' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 --hint='hd0,msdos1' f6eb647a-b3b4-45bc-8125-951724eb307d else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root f6eb647a-b3b4-45bc-8125-951724eb307d fi linux16 /vmlinuz-0-rescue-899082b00c344ba59af41e3b04ea3084 root=/dev/mapper/centos-root ro rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet numa=off transparent_hugepage=never initrd16 /initramfs-0-rescue-899082b00c344ba59af41e3b04ea3084.img }
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_ppc_terminfo ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_ppc_terminfo ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### 重启发现启动界面已经替换为 Oracle linux server 7.8 ,这是因为kernel版本3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64在oracle linux和redhat 中是7.8版本。这一步好像无关痛痒，手动配置时可以忽略。
可以看出oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall 修改了很多系统配置为oracle数据库运行提供支持
我们在自己安装的时候可以参考官方给的参数数据。
