1.线程可见性

package com.mashibing.testvolatile; public class T01_ThreadVisibility { private static volatile boolean flag = true; public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { new Thread(()-> { while (flag) { //do sth } System.out.println("end"); }, "server").start(); Thread.sleep(1000); flag = false; } }

2.防止指令重排序

问题：DCL单例需不需要加volatile？

CPU的基础知识

缓存行对齐 缓存行64个字节是CPU同步的基本单位，缓存行隔离会比伪共享效率要高 Disruptor

package com.mashibing.juc.c_028_FalseSharing; public class T02_CacheLinePadding { private static class Padding { public volatile long p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7; // } private static class T extends Padding { public volatile long x = 0L; } public static T[] arr = new T[2]; static { arr[0] = new T(); arr[1] = new T(); } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Thread t1 = new Thread(()->{ for (long i = 0; i < 1000_0000L; i++) { arr[0].x = i; } }); Thread t2 = new Thread(()->{ for (long i = 0; i < 1000_0000L; i++) { arr[1].x = i; } }); final long start = System.nanoTime(); t1.start(); t2.start(); t1.join(); t2.join(); System.out.println((System.nanoTime() - start)/100_0000); } }

MESI

伪共享

合并写 CPU内部的4个字节的Buffer

package com.mashibing.juc.c_029_WriteCombining; public final class WriteCombining { private static final int ITERATIONS = Integer.MAX_VALUE; private static final int ITEMS = 1 << 24; private static final int MASK = ITEMS - 1; private static final byte[] arrayA = new byte[ITEMS]; private static final byte[] arrayB = new byte[ITEMS]; private static final byte[] arrayC = new byte[ITEMS]; private static final byte[] arrayD = new byte[ITEMS]; private static final byte[] arrayE = new byte[ITEMS]; private static final byte[] arrayF = new byte[ITEMS]; public static void main(final String[] args) { for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) { System.out.println(i + " SingleLoop duration (ns) = " + runCaseOne()); System.out.println(i + " SplitLoop duration (ns) = " + runCaseTwo()); } } public static long runCaseOne() { long start = System.nanoTime(); int i = ITERATIONS; while (--i != 0) { int slot = i & MASK; byte b = (byte) i; arrayA[slot] = b; arrayB[slot] = b; arrayC[slot] = b; arrayD[slot] = b; arrayE[slot] = b; arrayF[slot] = b; } return System.nanoTime() - start; } public static long runCaseTwo() { long start = System.nanoTime(); int i = ITERATIONS; while (--i != 0) { int slot = i & MASK; byte b = (byte) i; arrayA[slot] = b; arrayB[slot] = b; arrayC[slot] = b; } i = ITERATIONS; while (--i != 0) { int slot = i & MASK; byte b = (byte) i; arrayD[slot] = b; arrayE[slot] = b; arrayF[slot] = b; } return System.nanoTime() - start; } }

指令重排序

package com.mashibing.jvm.c3_jmm; public class T04_Disorder { private static int x = 0, y = 0; private static int a = 0, b =0; public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { int i = 0; for(;;) { i++; x = 0; y = 0; a = 0; b = 0; Thread one = new Thread(new Runnable() { public void run() { //由于线程one先启动，下面这句话让它等一等线程two. 读着可根据自己电脑的实际性能适当调整等待时间. //shortWait(100000); a = 1; x = b; } }); Thread other = new Thread(new Runnable() { public void run() { b = 1; y = a; } }); one.start();other.start(); one.join();other.join(); String result = "第" + i + "次 (" + x + "," + y + "）"; if(x == 0 && y == 0) { System.err.println(result); break; } else { //System.out.println(result); } } } public static void shortWait(long interval){ long start = System.nanoTime(); long end; do{ end = System.nanoTime(); }while(start + interval >= end); } }

volatile如何解决指令重排序

1: volatile i

2: ACC_VOLATILE

3: JVM的内存屏障

4：hotspot实现

bytecodeinterpreter.cpp

int field_offset = cache->f2_as_index(); if (cache->is_volatile()) { if (support_IRIW_for_not_multiple_copy_atomic_cpu) { OrderAccess::fence(); }

orderaccess_linux_x86.inline.hpp

inline void OrderAccess::fence() { if (os::is_MP()) { // always use locked addl since mfence is sometimes expensive #ifdef AMD64 __asm__ volatile ("lock; addl $0,0(%%rsp)" : : : "cc", "memory"); #else __asm__ volatile ("lock; addl $0,0(%%esp)" : : : "cc", "memory"); #endif } }