目录
property–装饰器
__slots__魔法
静态方法、类方法
类之间的关系
继承、多态
综合案例
通过包装getter(访问器)、setter(修改器)方法，来访问属性，主要是对属性进行操作_属性名,暗示收到保护
property–保镖（一对一），setter、getter方法–中间人(线人)，最终目标：_属性名property（保镖）装饰setter、getter(线人)，操作_属性名（最终目标）因为python 是一门动态语言，我们可以对视给对象绑定新的属性或方法，因此，为了限定某些对象只能绑定某种属性，所以出现__slots__ 注意：__slots__只限定对当前类的对象生效，对子类并不起任何作用，只管一代
静态方法 @staticmethod 用检验前提条件，比如三角形的存在：两边之和大于第三边，也就是满足大前提，之后根据特有的特性来进行讨论
类方法@classmethod 第一个参数：cls 代表当前类相关信息的对象,通过第一个参数cls可以获取信息 多用多体会
两种方法都是：通过给类发消息来调用的
三种关系：is-a、has-a、use-a 继承、关联、依赖 例如：
继承：学生和人，手机和电子产品，玫瑰和花关联：汽车和引擎，电影和电影院依赖：类其中的方法中的参数被别的类使用，司机有一个驾驶的行为（方法），其中（的参数）使用到了汽车，那么司机和汽车的关系就是依赖关系继承、父类，子类、重写、多态
1.奥特曼打小怪兽 2.扑克游戏 3.工资结算系统
1.
#奥特曼打小怪兽 from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod from random import randint, randrange class Fighter(object, metaclass=ABCMeta): #战斗者 __slots__ = ('_name', '_hp') def __init__(self, name, hp): self._name = name self._hp = hp #hp生命值 @property def name(self): return self._name @property def hp(self): return self._hp @hp.setter def hp(self, hp): self._hp = hp if hp>=0 else 0 @property def alive(self): return self._hp > 0 @abstractmethod def attack(self, other): #other是被攻击的对象 pass class Ultraman(Fighter): __slots__ = ('_name', '_hp', '_mp') def __init__(self, name, hp, mp): #hp--生命值 #mp--魔法值 super().__init__(name, hp) self._mp = mp def attack(self, other): other.hp -= randint(15,25) def huge_attack(self, other): #终究必杀技 if self._mp >= 50: self._mp -= 50 injury = other.hp * 3 // 4 injury = injury if injury > 50 else 50 other.hp -= injury return True else: self.attack(other) return False def magic_attack(self, other): if self._mp >= 20: self._mp -= 20 for temp in other: if temp.alive : temp.hp -= randint(10,15) return True else: return False def resume(self): incr_point = randint(1,10) self._mp += incr_point return incr_point def __str__(self): return '~~~%s奥特曼~~~\n' % self._name +\ '生命值：%d\n' % self._hp + \ '魔法值：%d\n' % self._mp class Monster(Fighter): __slots__ = ('_name', '_hp') def attack(self, other): other.hp -= randint(10,20) def __str__(self): return '~~~%s小怪兽~~~' % self._name + \ '生命值：%d' % self._hp def is_any_alive(monsters): for monster in monsters: if monster.alive > 0 : return True return False def select_alive_one(monsters): monsters_len = len(monsters) while True: index = randrange(monsters_len) monster = monsters[index] if monster.alive > 0: return monster def display_info(ultraman, monsters): print(ultraman) for monster in monsters: print(monster, end='') def main(): u = Ultraman('A', 1000, 20) m1 = Monster('a', 250) m2 = Monster('b', 200) m3 = Monster('c', 100) ms = [m1,m2,m3] fighter_round = 1 while u.alive and is_any_alive(ms): print('========第%02d回合=======' % fighter_round) m = select_alive_one(ms) skill = randint(1,10) if skill <= 6: print('%s使用普通攻击打了%s.' % (u.name, m.name)) u.attack(m) print('%s的魔法值恢复了%d点' % (u.name, u.resume())) elif skill <= 9: if u.magic_attack(ms): print('%s的魔法值恢复了%d点。' % (u.name, u.resume())) else: print('%s使用魔法失败。' % u.name) else: if u.huge_attack(m): print('%s使用终极必杀技虐了%s' % (u.name, m.name)) else: print('%s使用普通攻击打了%s' % (u.name, m.name)) print('%s的魔法值恢复了%d点' % (u.name, u.resume())) if m.alive > 0: print('%s回击了%s' % (m.name, u.name)) m.attack(u) display_info(u, ms) fighter_round += 1 print('\n=======战斗结束========\n') if u.alive > 0: print('%s奥特曼胜利！' % u.name) else: print('小怪兽胜利！') if __name__ == '__main__': main()2.
import random class Card(object): def __init__(self, suite, face): self._suite = suite self._face = face @property def face(self): return self._face @property def suite(self): return self._suite def __str__(self): if self._face == 1: face_str = 'A' elif self._face == 11: face_str = 'J' elif self._face == 12: face_str = 'Q' elif self._face == 13: face_str = 'K' else: face_str = str(self._face) return '%s%s' % (self._suite, face_str) def __repr__(self): return self.__str__() class Poker(object): def __init__(self): self._cards = [Card(suite, face) for suite in '♠♥♣♦' for face in range(1,14)] self._current = 0 @property def cards(self): return self._cards def shuffle(self): self._current = 0 random.shuffle(self._cards) @property def next(self): #洗牌，随机乱序 card = self._cards[self._current] self._current += 1 return card @property def has_next(self): return self._current < len(self._cards) class Player(object): def __init__(self, name): self._name = name self._cards_on_hand = [] @property def name(self): return self._name @property def cards_on_hand(self): return self._cards_on_hand def get(self, card): self._cards_on_hand.append(card) def arrange(self, card_key): self._cards_on_hand.sort(key = card_key) def get_key(card): return (card.suite, card.face) def main(): p = Poker() p.shuffle() players = [Player('东邪'), Player('西毒'), Player('南帝'), Player('北丐')] for _ in range(13): for player in players: player.get(p.next) for player in players: print(player.name + ':', end=' ') player.arrange(get_key) print(player.cards_on_hand) if __name__ == '__main__': main()3.
from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod class Employee(object, metaclass = ABCMeta): def __init__(self, name): self._name = name @property def name(self): return self._name @abstractmethod def get_salary(self): """获得月薪 return: 月薪 """ pass class Manager(Employee): def get_salary(self): return 15000.0 class Progammer(Employee): def __init__(self, name, working_hour=0): super().__init__(name) self._working_hour = working_hour @property def working_hour(self): return self._working_hour @working_hour.setter def working_hour(self, working_hour): self._working_hour = working_hour if working_hour > 0 else 0 def get_salary(self): return 150.0*self._working_hour class Saleman(Employee): def __init__(self, name, sales=0): super().__init__(name) self._sales = sales @property def sales(self): return self._sales @sales.setter def sales(self, sales): self._sales = sales if sales > 0 else 0 def get_salary(self): return 1200.0 + self._sales * 0.05 def main(): emps = [ Manager('刘备'),Progammer('诸葛亮'),Saleman('赵云'), Manager('孙权'),Progammer('周瑜'),Saleman('鲁肃'), Manager('曹操'),Progammer('荀彧'),Saleman('司马懿')] for emp in emps: if isinstance(emp, Progammer): emp.working_hour = int(input('请输入%s的工作时间:' % emp.name)) elif isinstance(emp, Saleman): emp.sales = float(input('请输入%s的销售额:' % emp.name)) print('%s本月工资为：￥%s元' % (emp.name, emp.get_salary())) if __name__ == '__main__': main()
