centos7采用通用二进制安装包方式安装mysql5.7

技术2026-08-23 12

1.去官网下载安装包到~目录

例如：mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

2.创建用户和组

groupadd mysql useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql

3.解压安装包

tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

4.把解压后的安装包移动到规定的安装目录

mv mysql-5.7.29-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

5.配置PATH

echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile source /etc/profile

6.数据库目录规划和设置

文件类型实例3306软链数据datadir/usr/local/mysql/data/data/mysql/data参数文件my.cnf/usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf 错误日志log-error/usr/local/mysql/log/mysql_error.log 二进制日志log-bin/usr/local/mysql/binlogs/mysql-bin/data/mysql/binlogs/mysql-bin慢查询日志slow_query_log_file/usr/local/mysql/log/mysql_slow_query.log 套接字socket文件/usr/local/mysql/run/mysql.sock pid文件/usr/local/mysql/run/mysql.pid

mkdir -p /data/mysql/{data,binlogs} mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/{data,binlogs,log,etc,run} ln -s /data/mysql/binlogs /usr/local/mysql/binlogs ln -s /data/mysql/data /usr/local/mysql/data chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/{data,binlogs,log,etc,run} chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql

7.配置my.cnf参数文件

rm -f /etc/my.cnf

在/usr/local/mysql/etc/下创建my.cnf文件，加入如下参数，其他参数根据需要配置

vi /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf

在文件内键入以下内容

[client] port = 3306 socket = /usr/local/mysql/run/mysql.sock [mysqld] port = 3306 socket = /usr/local/mysql/run/mysql.sock pid_file = /usr/local/mysql/run/mysql.pid datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data default_storage_engine = InnoDB max_allowed_packet = 512M max_connections = 2048 open_files_limit = 65535 explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true skip-name-resolve lower_case_table_names=1 character-set-server = utf8mb4 collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4' innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M innodb_log_file_size = 2048M innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 0 key_buffer_size = 64M log-error = /usr/local/mysql/log/mysql_error.log log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/binlogs/mysql-bin slow_query_log = 1 slow_query_log_file = /usr/local/mysql/log/mysql_slow_query.log long_query_time = 5 tmp_table_size = 32M max_heap_table_size = 32M query_cache_type = 0 query_cache_size = 0 server-id=1

8.初始化数据库

mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

9.生成ssl连接方式

mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/

10.设置启动项

cd /usr/lib/systemd/system vi mysqld.service

在文件内添加以下内容

# Copyright (c) 2015, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. # # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA # # systemd service file for MySQL forking server # [Unit] Description=MySQL Server Documentation=man:mysqld(8) Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html After=network.target After=syslog.target [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [Service] User=mysql Group=mysql Type=forking PIDFile=/usr/local/mysql/run/mysqld.pid # Disable service start and stop timeout logic of systemd for mysqld service. TimeoutSec=0 # Execute pre and post scripts as root PermissionsStartOnly=true # Needed to create system tables #ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd # Start main service ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/run/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS # Use this to switch malloc implementation EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/mysql # Sets open_files_limit LimitNOFILE = 65535 Restart=on-failure RestartPreventExitStatus=1 PrivateTmp=false

使服务生效，并设置开机自启

systemctl daemon-reload systemctl enable mysqld.service systemctl is-enabled mysqld

11.mysql服务管理命令

systemctl start|status|stop mysqld.service

12.查看mysql 进程

ps -ef | grep mysql

13.查看mysql 端口号监听

netstat -anlp| grep 3306

14.为mysql服务器做安全设置

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation

这里先要找到root用户的初始密码

grep 'temporary password' /usr/local/mysql/log/mysql_error.log

重新执行前面的命令

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation

用初始密码进去后，他让你重新设置密码

我这里设置为123 这个要记住等下要用的。

这里他问你要不要安装密码校验插件。我们选择y

这里问你需要插件校验密码的等级我们选择0，实际情况你们自己斟酌

这里他问你是否需要重新设置root密码，我们选择no

这里问你是否要删除匿名用户我们选择删除 y

这里问你是否禁用root用户远程登录，我们选择y

这里问你是否删除test数据库我们选择y

这里问你是否重载权限表设置我们选择 y

出现这个字说明安装好了。

15.我们本地环境登录mysql 看下

mysql -uroot -p

登录成功。

16.为mysql设置远程访问

新建mysql测试数据库 demo

新建远程登录用户

给密码插件设置长度为6位

查看设置结果