[欢迎阅读本专栏其他文章] Django 之路由篇 Django 之 Models（Models 模型 & 数据表关系） Django 之模板篇
系统内建视图，可以直接使用
404
default.page_not_found(request, template_name=‘404.html’)系统引发Http404时触发默认传递request_path变量给模板,即导致错误的URLDEBUG=True则不会调用404, 取而代之是调试信息404视图会被传递一个RequestContext对象并且可以访问模板上下文处理器提供的变量(MEDIA_URL等)500(server error)
defaults.server_error(request, template_name=‘500.html’)需要DEBUG=False,否则不调用403 (HTTP Forbidden) 视图
defaults.permission_denied(request, template_name=‘403.html’)通过PermissionDenied触发400 (bad request) 视图
defaults.bad_request(request, template_name=‘400.html’)DEBUG=False简单说一下基于类的视图
和基于函数的视图的优势和区别: HTTP方法的methode可以有各自的方法,不需要使用条件分支来解决可以使用OOP技术(例如Mixin) 概述 核心是允许使用不同的实例方法来相应不同的HTTP请求方法,而避开条件分支实现as_view函数昨晚类的可调用入库,该方法创建一个实例并调用dispatch方法,按照请求方法对请求进行分发,如果该 方法没有定义,则引发HttpResponseNotAllowed 类属性使用 在类定义时直接覆盖在调用as_view的时候直接昨晚参数使用,例如:urlpatterns = [ url(r'^about/', GreetingView.as_view(greeting="G'day")), ] 对基于类的视图的扩充大致有三种方法: Mixin, 装饰as_view, 装饰dispatch使用Mixin 多继承的一种形式,来自弗雷的行为和属性组合在一起解决多继承问题View的子类只能单继承,多继承会导致不可期问题多继承带来的问题: 结构复杂优先顺序模糊功能冲突 解决方法 规格继承 - java interface实现继承 - python,ruby 在URLconf中装饰from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required, permission_required from django.views.generic import TemplateView from .views import VoteView urlpatterns = [ url(r'^about/', login_required(TemplateView.as_view(template_name="secret.html"))), url(r'^vote/', permission_required('polls.can_vote')(VoteView.as_view())), ] 装饰类 类的方法和独立方法不同,不能直接运用装饰器,需要用methode_decorator进行装饰from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator from django.views.generic import TemplateView class ProtectedView(TemplateView): template_name = 'secret.html' @method_decorator(login_required) def dispatch(self, *args, **kwargs): return super(ProtectedView, self).dispatch(*args, **kwargs)视图篇用到的相关代码如下
urls.py from django.conf.urls import include, url from django.contrib import admin from teacher_app import views as v urlpatterns = [ # Examples: # url(r'^$', 'ruochen_views.views.home', name='home'), # url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')), url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), url(r'^teacher/', v.teacher), url(r'^v2_exp/', v.v2_exception), url(r'^v10_1/', v.v10_1), url(r'^v10_2/', v.v10_2), url(r'^v11_hello/', v.v11, name='v11'), url(r'^v12/', v.v12_get), url(r'^v9_get/', v.v9_get), url(r'^v9_post/', v.v9_post), url(r'render_test/', v.rander_test), url(r'render2_test/', v.rander2_test), url(r'render3_test/', v.rander3_test), url(r'render1_to_res/', v.render4_test), url(r'^get404/', v.get404), ] views.py from django.shortcuts import render, render_to_response from django.http import HttpResponse, Http404, HttpResponseRedirect from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse # Create your views here. def teacher(r): return HttpResponse('这是teacher的一个视图') def v2_exception(r): raise Http404 return HttpResponse('OK') def v10_1(r): return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('v11')) def v10_2(r): return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('v11')) def v11(r): return HttpResponse('v11 访问返回') def v12_get(request): rst = "" for k,v in request.GET.items(): rst += k + '-->' + v rst += ',' return HttpResponse("Get value of Request is {0}".format(rst)) def v9_get(request): # 渲染一个模板并返回 return render_to_response('for_post.html') def v9_post(request): rst = '' for k, v in request.POST.items(): rst += k + '->' + v rst += ',' return HttpResponse("Get value of POST is {0}".format(rst)) def rander_test(request): # 环境变量 # c = dict() rsp = render(request, "render.html") # rsp = HttpResponse(request, "render.html") return rsp def rander2_test(request): # 环境变量 c = dict() c['name'] = "ruochen" c['name2'] = "ruochen2" c['name3'] = "ruochen3" rsp = render(request, "render2.html", context=c) return rsp def rander3_test(request): from django.template import loader # 得到模板 t = loader.get_template('render2.html') print(type(t)) r = t.render({"name": "ruochen"}) print(type(r)) return HttpResponse(r) def render4_test(request): # 反馈回m模板render2.html rsp = render_to_response("render2.html", context={"name": "ruochen"}) return rsp def get404(request): from django.views import defaults return defaults.page_not_found(request, template_name="render.html") templates for_post.html <html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form method="post" action="/v9_post/"> 姓名: <input type="text" name="uname"/><br> 密码: <input type="password" name="upwd"/><br> 性别: <input type="radio" name="ugender" value="1"/>男 <input type="radio" name="ugender" value="0"/>女<br> 爱好: <input type="checkbox" name="uhobby" value="恰饭"/>恰饭 <input type="checkbox" name="uhobby" value="跳楼"/>跳楼 <input type="checkbox" name="uhobby" value="喝酒"/>喝酒 <input type="checkbox" name="uhobby" value="跳楼"/>爬山<br> <input type="submit" value="提交"/> </form> </body> </html> render.html <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>Render example by ruochen</h1> </body> </html> render2.html <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>WebPage for rander with {{name}}</h1> </body> </html> settings.py """ Django settings for ruochen_views project. Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.8. For more information on this file, see https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/settings/ For the full list of settings and their values, see https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/settings/ """ # Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...) import os BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) # Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production # See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/howto/deployment/checklist/ # SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret! SECRET_KEY = 'a^-vz9v!e2ks%m=d*&fu$r)qc42vpgkqny9jl36plg$(3jtp#q' # SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production! DEBUG = True ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["*"] # Application definition INSTALLED_APPS = ( 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'teacher_app', ) MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = ( 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', # 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware', 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', ) ROOT_URLCONF = 'ruochen_views.urls' TEMPLATES = [ { 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', 'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "templates")], 'APP_DIRS': True, 'OPTIONS': { 'context_processors': [ 'django.template.context_processors.debug', 'django.template.context_processors.request', 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages', ], }, }, ] WSGI_APPLICATION = 'ruochen_views.wsgi.application' # Database # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/settings/#databases DATABASES = { 'default': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', 'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'), } } # Internationalization # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/i18n/ LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us' TIME_ZONE = 'UTC' USE_I18N = True USE_L10N = True USE_TZ = True # Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images) # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/howto/static-files/ STATIC_URL = '/static/'